Understanding why. Visualising where. Engineering how.

Inputs in my practice

Sentinel-1 radar · Sentinel-2 optical and NDVI · Landsat 9 surface temperature · Google Earth Engine · STAC catalogues

Lens

Remote sensing and land-cover classification

Soho and the West End, chosen for recognisable streets, mixed uses and published movement evidence, not because they are London’s busiest. The Earth from NASA Blue Marble, Black Marble and cloud composites; a June–August 2025 locally cloud-screened Sentinel-2 regional composite precedes London and Soho from Copernicus Sentinel-2 (25 August 2025, native true-colour pixels 10 m). The same date's red and near-infrared surface reflectance yields NDVI, shown on a clipped −0.2 to 0.8 colour scale. Landsat 9 Collection 2 Level-2 supplies a separate land-surface-temperature overpass from 10 July 2025 at 10:52 UTC. Its 100 m thermal observations are delivered on a 30 m product grid, not independent 30 m measurements. Colours clip at 32 and 46 °C, whole-degree roundings of the 2nd and 98th percentiles of Greater London's pixels (31.6 and 45.5 °C): a display choice, not a threshold. The provider's uncertainty band has a median of about 3.3 K in Soho. These are surface retrievals at one moment, not air or individual-building temperatures, pedestrian comfort, building heat loss or forecast climate risk. Source quality masks retain missing pixels; no thermal sharpening or local field calibration is claimed. Four representative satellite missions illustrate radar, optical, thermal and atmospheric sensing. A dated CelesTrak GP snapshot is propagated with SGP4 for one shared 7 October 2026 replay, 08:33–14:33 UTC, at 30 times speed. Tracks are modelled Earth-fixed paths, not live or precision ephemerides. Craft shape, scale, attitude and nominal sensor fields of view are illustrative. The opening rotation is a view transform shared by Earth and tracks. One Earth-fixed cloud field accompanies the changes of scale and projection, with illustrative drift and depth. It is not observed weather. No separate radar or atmospheric product is loaded; the annual embeddings are learned features, not sensor measurements. The preserved surface-cover proxy is separate from the satellite temperature product and is not measured temperature.

Related portfoliosIndustryAcademic

• Spatial Data Scientist (Intern), then Junior ResearcherMetabolic · Horizon 2020 CENTRINNO, Amsterdam and London
• Shaping Cool CitiesOngoing research

Inputs in my practice

AlphaEarth Foundations annual embeddings · Environment Agency LiDAR · OpenStreetMap water and green space · Environment Agency Flood Zones 3 and 2

Lens

Urban ecology

Historical Environment Agency aerial photography, surveyed in 2007–08 at native 0.4 m, sharpens the neighbourhood in the same BNG frame. It is not current street or building conditions. Then three of AlphaEarth's 64 learned dimensions (A01, A16 and A09) from its 2024 annual dataset, native 10 m, mapped to RGB on the same British National Grid frame, shown as discrete cells with the geographic ground retained beneath. These colours are not land classes, materials, temperature or an EPC assessment. A relief map from Environment Agency LiDAR (2022, 1 m) is classed with OpenStreetMap water, streets and green space. The Environment Agency’s Flood Zones 3 and 2 (Flood Map for Planning, OGL) show modelled likelihood extents that ignore defences, not depths or an event; every zone in this frame is from the sea, the tidal Thames. The zones are revealed outward from the river's mapped bank to show where the extent lies, not water arriving. They are drawn last in this chapter, on flat ground between buildings: Soho's mapped volumes and, beyond the frame, OpenStreetMap footprints raised to the median height of the 2022 LiDAR surface inside each (about one in ten takes a declared storey height instead, inferred), with the Thames bridges as slabs of declared width. These are not surveyed heights, roofs or facades, and the ground under a building is not drawn. The Thames is OpenStreetMap's mapped water; its colour, sky reflection, sun glint and ripples are illustrative. Surface-water flood risk is not loaded. An H3 hexagon grid briefly marks the frame at the resolution in view. Measured LiDAR returns (2020), spatially thinned for display, gain height derived relative to the separately dated 2022 ground product. The 2022 surface-minus-ground raster then rises in the same held view before a shared sweep introduces footprint-based volumes. This is a comparison of separately dated products, not triangulation of the 2020 returns into the 2022 surface. Neither establishes surveyed facades or materials. People, traffic and birds are illustrative; the birds fly over mapped green-space anchors. The sun's colour and, where it shows, a faint haze beyond the subject follow a standard clear atmosphere (Takram three-atmosphere, after Bruneton, 2017), not London's air on any day; neither is calibrated.

Related portfoliosAcademic

• BSc Environmental SciencesFaculty of Sciences, University of Granada
• Spatial Data Analyst (Intern)BCNecologia, Barcelona's urban ecology agency

Inputs in my practice

OpenStreetMap buildings · Overture maps · Eurostat material-flow accounts

Lens

Urban metabolism and economy-wide material-flow analysis

Historical 2007–08 aerial photography remains registered beneath the mapped volumes, then fades into the walking print. It is a separate dated ground reference, not a contemporary building texture or facade survey. Building footprints extruded by recorded levels, levels derived from mapped height at 3.2 m per storey, or a declared two-storey fallback. Material strings are retained where OpenStreetMap records them. Facades are drawn from each building's mapped use in OpenStreetMap (homes, shops and offices, sheds, schools): illustrative, not surveyed. Piccadilly's fountain, curved illuminated frontage and Pavilion provide recognition cues at mapped locations, with illustrative architectural detail and abstract screen graphics. Historic England describes Pavilion's facade as stucco faced; this is separate from its OSM stone tag. Neither establishes the building's material quantities or assemblies. Not a material audit. People, traffic and birds are illustrative. The sun's colour and, where it shows, a faint haze beyond the subject follow a standard clear atmosphere (Takram three-atmosphere, after Bruneton, 2017), not London's air on any day; neither is calibrated.

Related portfoliosIndustryAcademic

• Researcher and Spatial Data AnalystMetabolism of Cities · Horizon 2020 CityLoops, from London
• Spatial Data Scientist (Intern), then Junior ResearcherMetabolic · Horizon 2020 CENTRINNO, Amsterdam and London
• CityLoops: Urban Circularity AssessmentCompleted research

Inputs in my practice

OpenStreetMap footprints and levels · Historic England architectural description · Declared example assemblies · Analytical potential flow · Computed solar position

Lens

Building stock, steady envelope transmission and idealised airflow

London Pavilion at Piccadilly Circus is selected explicitly for the journey. OpenStreetMap records its footprint, four building levels, a stone material tag and one roof level. These are mapped attributes, not a surveyed inventory; extrusion uses 3.2 m per storey. Historic England's listing describes stucco facing, principal nine- and eleven-bay fronts, arches, porticoes and pediments. Its architectural description and the OSM stone tag are distinct evidence. The drawing follows that vocabulary, but all roof, window, column, facade-depth and surface details are illustrative, not surveyed materials or imported BIM. A lifted plan diagram shows the wind reading, which solves steady, two-dimensional inviscid potential flow around a circle enclosing the footprint, with a declared 3 m/s free stream: no turbulence, wake, adjacent buildings or local weather calibration. An inset teaching section separates the declared roof deck and insulation, with thickness exaggerated eight times. These layers are example inputs, not the Pavilion's surveyed construction. The envelope reading calculates Q = U A ΔT from mapped plan and facade areas, treating all facades as external, 25% assumed glazing and a declared 15 K difference. Example wall and roof assemblies gain 0.12 m insulation, changing their resistance and transmission; example glazing U also changes. Warm arrows shorten and fade symbolically with the calculated flux, not measured temperatures. A label on the roof gives the calculated total in kilowatts, marked as an example at the declared 15 K, in step with the column's readout. The calculation excludes floor loss, ventilation, thermal bridging, solar gains and heat storage; it is not an EPC or a measured building-performance result. Shadows follow the computed sun for today's date, not pedestrian comfort. Dotted design moves remain proposals, with no measured cooling benefit. People, traffic and birds are illustrative. The sun's colour and, where it shows, a faint haze beyond the subject follow a standard clear atmosphere (Takram three-atmosphere, after Bruneton, 2017), not London's air on any day; neither is calibrated.

Related portfoliosIndustryAcademic

• MSc Sustainable Intervention in the Built Environment (MISMeC)Vallès School of Architecture, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
• Spatial Data Scientist (Intern), then Junior ResearcherMetabolic · Horizon 2020 CENTRINNO, Amsterdam and London
• MSc Urban Spatial ScienceCentre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, The Bartlett, UCL · Distinction

Inputs in my practice

OpenStreetMap street network · TfL regular-service route snapshot · Field notes and photographs

Lens

Psychogeography, space syntax and critical cartography

The same city becomes a riso print. Drawn walkers leave recent-position ink trails, with two offset plates and paper grain; lights and windows are separate. Walkers and their ink are drawn larger than life so they read at this scale. With reduced motion, a still shows each traced walker's circuit behind it at its declared pace. Streets and building footprints are OpenStreetMap. Declared pavement circuits turn smoothly on two separated directions and are clipped clear of mapped buildings. They are not surveyed or step-free footways. Bus paths and stops come from a dated TfL regular-service snapshot, projected and clipped to this frame; they are not live positions, timetables or current diversions. Bus driving lanes align to compatible mapped road centres within a declared 6.5-plan-unit bound, then offset left by 1.25 units. This is illustrative lane placement, not TfL lane data. Cars and cyclists use illustrative major-street circuits. Body-sized clearance, shared 50 ms movement steps, render interpolation, acceleration, braking and yielding govern all street actors; a held walker, car or cyclist turns back along its circuit or steps back to give way, and buses keep their routes, reversing along them only to give way. A body that holds a bus for ten seconds without a way round leaves the street and rejoins its circuit further on, and of two buses that hold one another the one nearer the end of its route starts again. Bus stop pauses are declared at 4 to 6 seconds. Rear lights brighten with slowing and dwell, on the same pausable clock. The desired population is 14 buses, 120 cars, 44 cyclists and up to 630 walking or lingering people, reduced where clear placement is unavailable. Speeds, lane offsets, counts, age mix, bicycle and pedestrian proportions, traces and bird flights are illustrative, not measured movement or calibrated traffic. Walking circuits stay visible through their rounded turns. Open bus journeys fade at frame exits or source termini; no bus route is closed or joined across a clipping gap. Only sufficiently long mapped above-ground rail routes carry drawn trains; heights are schematic from OSM bridge and layer tags, not surveyed elevations or live services. The sun's colour and, where it shows, a faint haze beyond the subject follow a standard clear atmosphere (Takram three-atmosphere, after Bruneton, 2017), not London's air on any day; neither is calibrated.

Related portfoliosArtist

• Upside Down WorldOngoing practice

Inputs in my practice

ONS Census 2021 and the London Output Area Classification · Places and streets from OpenStreetMap

Lens

Site selection, gravity models, geodemographics and access to services

A mapped Piccadilly bookshop anchors 5-, 10- and 15-minute walking-time bands along connected OpenStreetMap streets. Two routes connect it to a school and a health centre. Standard and slower pace are declared scenarios, 1.3 and 0.85 m/s, not assessments of step-free or disability access. Restricted ways are excluded from their tags; crossings, gradients and unrecorded barriers are not assessed. The street frame clips every band, so this is not a complete catchment or a count of residents served. A separate choice reading compares three mapped bookshops from one school-origin example: mapped floor-area proxy divided by squared network distance, normalised only across those three. It is a conditional Huff illustration, not observed shopping behaviour, a forecast, client work or calibrated demand. Quiet, neutral context retains Output Areas with their Census 2021 residents and London Output Area Classification 2021 communities (Singleton and Longley, 2024). People, traffic and birds are illustrative. A small, neutral display selection of the existing modelled day keeps its journeys legible; the full data remains available. Trips have origins and destinations inside the frame and do not establish visitor volumes or exclusion outside it. The sun's colour and, where it shows, a faint haze beyond the subject follow a standard clear atmosphere (Takram three-atmosphere, after Bruneton, 2017), not London's air on any day; neither is calibrated. Towards dusk the model's exposure is raised, at most twice, so it stays readable: a display choice, not the light of the hour.

Related portfoliosIndustryAcademic

• Full-Stack Spatial Data ScientistTJX Europe, London
• Spatial Data Analyst (Intern)BCNecologia, Barcelona's urban ecology agency
• Fractional Chief Technology OfficerCommunityAI, London

Inputs in my practice

Every source above · Street-level evidence · VoxCity 3D urban form

Lens

Spatial cross-validation; an input model for a twin, not yet verified or validated

Six readings return to the London Pavilion's block and lift into plates, each the trace layer at the block with its own source and class: Landsat surface-heat display cells (derived); contours every 0.5 m of the Environment Agency's 2022 composite terrain model, which descends below the street at the Circus (sourced); mapped footprints with mapped or assumed levels (sourced and inferred); the declared envelope example after insulation, 17.7 kW at ΔT 15 K (modelled, not calibrated); drawn walker ink on the block's pavements (illustrative); and the streets within five minutes' walk of the mapped Piccadilly bookshop at a declared 1.3 m/s (derived). One schematic spine joins them; the plates are drawn to explain and nothing is summed, scored or ranked. Explore each reading on the same city; the geometry stays intact. The sun's colour and, where it shows, a faint haze beyond the subject follow a standard clear atmosphere (Takram three-atmosphere, after Bruneton, 2017), not London's air on any day; neither is calibrated. Towards dusk the model's exposure is raised, at most twice, so it stays readable: a display choice, not the light of the hour.

Related portfoliosIndustryFounder / CTO

• Fractional Chief Technology OfficerCommunityAI, London
• CommunityAICompleted engagement